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Harappa Civilisation
Indus Valley civilizations covering approx 1/2 million miles of Northern
Indian subcontinent is the largest ancient civilization in history till
now. Since both stone and copper are used it is a chalcolithicivil.The Indus
Valley people are highly artistic and skilled.Their chief features include
a highly organized urban setup and a strong economy.
The IVC economy is flourishing with extensive cultivation of wheat,
barley. The Indus river is used for transport, weights are all very accurate
and highly standardized and traders have own personalised seals.
Harappa Civilisation - Fashion
The exact origins of the IVC people is disputed but appears
to belong to four ethnic types including the Protoaustioloids,
Mediterraneans,
Mongoloids and Alpines. People enjoy a comfortable life with a variety
of luxuries like ornaments in agate and gold, cosmetics (kajal) and
elaborate toys for children. Painting on pottery is skillful and covers
various themes while small sculptures in terracotta (animals, toys),
soft stone (bearded
man) and metal jewels abound.
The greatest artistic skill is in the seals. These engravings
of animals, flowers and other symbols have artistic, religious and economic value .
Harappa Civilisation - Town Planning
The city of Mohenjo Daro is testimony to the town planning
activities of the IVC. Cities are divided into lower dwellings & the Citadel
which houses important buildings. The streets form a grid system and are
of modulated width. Bricks of fixed sizes are used for building while stone
and wood are also used.Municipal authorities who are responsible for the
whole of the valley also regularly maintain a highly efficient drainage
system.Buildings in the lower area are rather monotonous, being mainly
functional rather than decorative. But many houses are 2 storeyed.
Harappa Civilisation - Architecture
Great Bath: Mohenjo Daro has a sophisticated system
of water supply & drainage and its brickwork, is highly functional
and the amazing part of it is - that it is completely waterproof. The granaries
are also intelligently constructed, with strategic airducts and platform
are divided into units.
The Dock at Lothal is to be used for inland & foreign trade.
Harappa Civilisation - Religion
The culture and religion of the IVC overlap and perhaps
repetitive symbols such as the pipal leaf and swastika have religious
significance. Human dieties include a "proto type of Shiva"
and a mother goddess. Animal symbols such as the bull and unicorn and
those
of tree spirits and water dieties are also common.
These are images from the Harappan culture which existed in the Indus
River Valley and which reached its peak around 2600 BC, shortly
after the development of urban societies in Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Additional information can be found on the
" India and South Asia " Chronology.